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GU-Q: How to Cite

Use this guide to find out how you can easily collect and manage citation information

How to Cite in the Text?

In-text citations for books, articles and other formats

For citing in the text use the author-date format, for example:

According to Smith (1999) ....

it has been proven ... (Smith, 1999)

How Should I Cite This?

References:

Author, A. A. (Year). Title: Subtitle. Location: Publisher.

Example:

Malcolm, J. (1980). Psychoanalysis: The impossible profession. New York, NY: Vintage Books.

References:

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title. Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages. http://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyyy

Example:

Coudounaris, D. N., & Sthapit, E. (2017). Antecedents of memorable tourism experience related to behavioral intentions. Psychology & Marketing, 34(12), 1084-1093. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21048

References:

Online documents can take various forms; here we focus on a webpage:

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Publication date). Title of webpage. In Title of website. Retrieved from http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/

Example:

The World Bank Group. (2018). What we do. In The World Bank. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/what-we-do

To check out how to cite other online information sources, visti the Purdue OWL Electronic Sources section

A primary source can take various forms; it could be an image, a video or manuscript. For each form you need to follow different rules in order to cite it. Check out Purdue OWL Non-Print Sources to find out more.