Skip to Main Content
Georgetown University in Qatar Georgetown Qatar

Library

GU-Qatar Library

How to Cite in the Text?

In-text citations for books, articles, and other formats

For citing in the text, use the author-date format, for example:

According to Smith (1999) ....

It has been proven ... (Smith, 1999)

How Should I Reference This?

References:

Surname, A. A. (Year). Book Title in Italics: Subtitle in Italics. Publisher.

Example:

Malcolm, J. (1980). Psychoanalysis: The impossible profession. Vintage Books.

References:

Surname, A. A., Surname, B. B., & Surname, C. C. (Year). Article title. Periodical Title in Italics, volume number(issue number), pages. DOI

Example:

Coudounaris, D. N., & Sthapit, E. (2017). Antecedents of memorable tourism experience related to behavioral intentions. Psychology & Marketing, 34(12), 1084-1093. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21048

References:

Online documents can take various forms; here is an example of a webpage:

Surname, A. A., & Surname, B. B. (Year, Month, Date). Title of webpage in italics. Title of website. URL

Example:

The World Bank Group. (2018). What we do. The World Bank. https://www.worldbank.org/en/what-we-do

To check out how to cite other online information sources, visit the Purdue OWL Electronic Sources section

A primary source can take various forms; it could be an image, a video or manuscript. For each form you need to follow different rules in order to cite it. Here is an example of a speech found in an edited collection of primary sources:

Stewart, M. W. (2003). An address at the African Masonic Hall, February 27, 1833. In J. Gottheimer (Ed.), Ripples of hope: Great American civil rights speeches (pp. 14–18). Basic Civitas Books.

 

Check out Purdue OWL Non-Print Sources to find out more.