The transliteration of the Arabic script to Latin is complex in part because Arabic is a non-vocalized script. That is, vowels are not normally written.
Georgetown University Library uses "The American Library Association - Library of Congress (ALA-LC), Arabic Romanization Standard Table" for transliteration of Arabic Language into Latin script.
The table compares, for example, transliteration standard of ALA-LC and the most often used in informal electronic contexts such as Chat rooms, email, and on social media sites.
|
b |
b |
b |
ب |
|
t |
t |
t |
ت |
|
th |
th |
|
ث |
|
dh |
dh |
4 |
ذ |
|
ḥ |
h |
7 |
ح |
|
Kh |
|
5/kh |
خ |
|
Al-‘Arabiyah |
alearabia
|
Al3rabiyah 3 |
ع العربية
|
Transliteration table for Brill Online
| Abbreviations: A = Arabic; T= Turkish; P = Persian | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| EI 3 - EWIC - EQ | EI 2 | Brockelmann | |
| ء | ʾ (Unicode 02BE) | ʾ | ʾ |
| ﺍ | a, ā/Ā | a, ā | a, ā, Ā |
| ﺏ | b | b | b |
| پ | p | p | |
| ﺕ | t | t | t |
| ﺙ | th | t̲h̲ | t̲ |
| ﺝ | A: j T: c | d̲j̲ | ǧ/Ǧ |
| چ | ç | č | |
| ﺡ | ḥ | ḥ | ḥ |
| ﺥ | kh | k̲h̲ | ḫ |
| خو | khw | k̲h̲w | |
| ﺩ | d | d | d |
| ﺫ | dh | d̲h̲ | d̲ |
| ﺭ | r | r | r |
| ﺯ | z | z | z |
| ژ | zh | z̲h̲ | |
| ﺱ | s | s | s |
| ﺵ | sh | s̲h̲ | š/Š |
| ﺹ | ṣ | ṣ | ṣ |
| ﺽ | ḍ | ḍ | ḍ |
| ﻁ | ṭ | ṭ | ṭ |
| ﻅ | ẓ | ẓ | ẓ |
| ﻉ | ʿ (Unicode O2BF) | ʿ | ʿ |
| ﻍ | gh | g̲h̲ | ġ/Ġ |
| ﻑ | f | f | f |
| ﻕ | q | ḳ | ḳ/Ḳ |
| ﻙ | k | A: k; T: k, g [ğ]; ñ | k |
| ﻝ | l | l | l |
| ﻡ | m | m | m |
| ﻥ | n | n | n |
| ﻩ | h | h | h |
| ة | a; at in idāfa | ||
| ﻭ | w/v, ū/Ū, -uww | w/v, ū, -uww | ū; uw; u; w |
| ى/ﻱ | ī/Ī, -iyy- | ī/Ī, -iyy- | ī -iy-; i; y |
| Short Vowels | a, e, i, ı, o, ö, u, ü | a, e, i, ı, o, ö, u, ü | a, e, i, ı, o, ö, u, ü |
ALA-LC Arabic Romanization Table Alphabet
|
خ |
ح |
ج |
ث |
ت |
ب |
ا |
|
kh |
ḥ |
j |
th |
t |
b |
a** |
|
ص |
ش |
س |
ز |
ر |
ذ |
د |
|
ṣ |
sh |
s |
z |
r |
dh |
d |
|
ق |
ف |
غ |
ع |
ظ |
ط |
ض |
|
q |
f** |
gh |
‘ (ayn) |
ẓ |
ṭ |
ḍ |
|
ي |
و |
ة ، ه |
ن |
م |
ل |
ك |
|
y |
w |
h** |
n |
m |
l |
k |
الضمة، الفتحة، الكسرة، المدة
حُقوقُ الْمَرْأَةِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ
LC Romanization
|
Ḥuqūq حوقوق |
u |
حقوق (الضمة) |
|
Al-marah |
a |
الْمَرْأَةِ (الفتحة) |
|
fī |
ī |
في ( المدة) |
|
Al-Islam |
a |
الْإِسْلَامِ (الكسرة) |
حرف العين (تكتب طبقا لنطقها / تشكيلها)
الكسرة، الفتحة، الضمة
|
ʻinda |
عند (الكسرة) |
|
ʻAlī |
علي (الفتحة) |
|
al-ʻArabīyah |
العربية (الفتحة) |
|
al-ʻulūm |
العلوم (الضمة) |
** More details see ALA-LC Arabic Romanization Table - Library of Congress