WRIT 1155 - Writing and Culture

This guide provides an overview with explanations and examples of how to prepare an annotated bibliography. Also included are resources to support writing in MLA writing style. If you are unable to find what you need for your assignment, please don't hesitate to contact me to schedule an appointment. 

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An annotated bibliography is a list of sources that gives the publication information and a short description — or annotation — for each source.

• Each annotation is generally three to seven sentences long.
• In some bibliographies, the annotation merely describes the content and scope of the source;
• In others, the annotation also evaluates the source’s reliability, currency, and relevance to a researcher’s purpose.

Purdue Online Writing Lab has more information and provides examples of Annotated Bibliographies for APA, MLA, and Chicago Styles.

Purpose: An annotated bibliography shows that the author has understood the sources used during research on a topic and gives researchers sufficient information in order to decide whether to use the specific work.

Different Types of Annotations

Informative Annotations

Informative annotations often summarize relevant information about the author or the author's work.

Indicative Annotations

Indicative annotation is a type of summary annotation that provides general information about the work. It does not aim to include the actual information from the argument. Instead, it highlights the kinds of questions or issues that are addressed by the work. This may also involve the use of chapter titles.

Evaluative Annotations

Evaluative annotations look at the following:

• When evaluating a source or author, it is important to critically analyze their biases, the evidence they provide, and their level of objectivity. This helps to determine the reliability and credibility of the information presented.
• Show the potential usefulness of the work for your respective area of study.
• Explain or elaborate on how the research material has helped or provided the research additional insight.

Combination

An annotated bibliography could include summarizing, describing, and evaluating sources.

References

"Annotated Bibliographies." The Writing Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/annotated-bibliographies/. Accessed 4 Sept. 2023.

"Annotated Bibliography Samples." Purdue Online Writing Lab, owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/common_writing_assignments/annotated_bibliographies/annotated_bibliography_samples.html. Accessed 4 Sept. 2023.

Additional resources:

• Writers Handbook from the University of Wisconsin at Madison includes detailed pages on how to write an annotated bibliography.
• Writing An Annotated Bibliography guide from Skidmore College.

There are three steps to creating an annotated bibliography:

1) Select resources

Find books, articles, and other documents that contain useful information and ideas on your topic. Examine and review the items, selecting those that provide a variety of perspectives on your topic.

2) Cite materials

Cite the book, article, or document using the citation style required by your instructor - APA, MLA or Chicago.

3) Write the annotation

Write a concise annotation that summarizes the central theme and scope of the resource. Verify the type of annotation you are required to write with your instructor. The two basic types are descriptive and evaluative annotations. Annotations for each resource are typically between 50 and 150 words.

Descriptive annotations (also known as "informative" annotations) provide only a summary of the author's main ideas. Descriptive annotations are typically two to three sentences long, and describe the content but include no critical remarks evaluating the source’s quality.

Descriptive annotations may include the following types of information:

• The main purpose of the work
• The intended audience of the work
• Background or credibility of the author
• The conclusion or results of the work

Evaluative annotations (also known as "critical" annotations) summarize the essential ideas in a document and provide judgments—negative, positive, or both—about their quality. Evaluative annotations are typically three to four sentences long. Evaluative annotations usually begin with broad comments about the focus of the source, then move to an evaluation of the source.

Evaluative annotations may contain the following type of information:

• The importance of the work’s contribution to the literature of the subject
• The author’s bias or tone
• The author’s qualifications for writing the work
• The accuracy of the information in the source
• Limitations or significant omissions of the work
• The work’s contribution to the literature of the subject
• Comparison with other works on the topic