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This 8th edition title has been updated to reflect the 2016 MLA updates. The Everyday Writer shows novice writers how to navigate rhetorical situations and make effective choices everywhere they write.
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This is a compact but comprehensive guide to writing clearly and effectively in APA style. Demonstrates how to write objective scientific research papers using interesting prose Incorporates guidelines from the 6th edition of the APA publication manual Explores how to develop ideas, connect them to what others have written, and express them clearly Discusses the differences between written, oral, and poster presentations and offers instructions for applying APA style to each
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Understanding why and how to cite information sources appropriately is an important skill. When incorporating and citing sources into your work, you are giving credit to other scholars for their scholarly ideas. Further, you are providing a roadmap for those readers who are curious to learn more about the topic you have chosen to write about. This is what we mean by "joining the scholarly conversation". Failing to cite your sources or giving credit to others appropriately is plagiarism. At Georgetown, as elsewhere, this is a very serious offense. To avoid the pitfalls of plagiarism, it is important to remember to give credit to others whenever you:
If you are unsure of the process or need further help with citation styling, please speak with a librarian or a writing center specialist.
Barnes, J. (Ed.). (1995). Complete works of Aristotle (Vols. 1-2). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Citation styling for print and electronic journals is slightly different. For print, begin with the author's name(s). Then include the publication date; the article title; the periodical title; the volume number and issue number, if any; and the page numbers.
O'Connell, D.C., & Kowal, S. (2003). Psycholinguistics: A half century of monologism. The American Journal of Psychology, 116, 191-212.
Article or periodical titles from library databases should include the author, date, title, publication information, volume and issue numbers, as well as the digital object identifier (DOI) if it is available or known. If there is no DOI, include the URL for the periodical's home pae or for the article. (Note: for newspaper articles accessible from a searchable website, give the site URL only).
Barrington, F. (2008, February 7). In many communities, it's not easy going green. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com.
Cleary, J.M., & Crafti, N (2007). Basic need satisfaction,emotional eating, and dietary restraint as risk factors for recurrent overeating in a community sample. E Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(3), 27-59. Retrieved from http://ojs.swin.edu/116
Morley, N.J., Ball, L.J., & Ormerod, T.C. (2006). How the detection of insurance fraud succeeds and fails. Psychology, Crime & Law, 12 (2),163-180. doi:10.1080/1056454545645.
Images require a fair amount of documentation. When citing images, try to include as much of the the following information as possible:
Baumel, A. (2010). Cholera treatment center in Haiti [Online image]. Retrieved October 2, 2010 from https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org
Kulbis, M. (Photographer). (2006). Men pray [Photograph], Retrieved from: http://artstor.georgetown.edu/menpray284935735.edu
Reynolds Lewis, K. (2001, December 22). Why some business owners think now is the time to sell. The New York Times, p. B5.
Citing websites can be challenging and requires a bit of practice. To cite an entire website include the following information: the author's name; the publication date (or n.d. if no date is available); the title of the document; the title of the site or larger work, if any; volume and issue numbers (if any); page numbers (if any); Retrieved from and the URL.
Behnke, P.C. (2006, February 22). The homeless are everyone's problem. Retrieved from http://www.authorsden.com/visit/viewArticle.asp?id=21017
What parents should know about treatment of behavioral and emotional disorders in teenagers. (2006). APA Online. Retrieved from http://www.apap.org/releases.kidsmed.html
Nolan, C. (Director). (2010). Inception [Motion Picture]. United States: Warner Bros.